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Jiangsu Shenguang Electronic Technology Co., LTD. What is the main role of the horn in acoustic equipment?

Improve voice matching

Diaphragm vibration in an acoustic device produces sound, but there is a difference in acoustic impedance between the diaphragm itself and the external air load. The horn can be used as a transition structure, so that the acoustic impedance of the diaphragm and the acoustic impedance of the air gradually match. It is like creating a gradual connection between two pipes of different thicknesses, so that sound can more smoothly transfer from the diaphragm to the air. For example, in some large horn speakers, if there is no horn, the diaphragm directly sounds into the air, due to the mismatch of acoustic impedance, a large amount of sound energy will be reflected back at the junction of the diaphragm and the air, rather than effectively transmitted out. The presence of the horn acts as a "bridge" that reduces this reflection and enables the sound energy to be transmitted more efficiently.

Increase sound propagation distance

The horn can serve as a focus and guide for sound. The sound produced by the diaphragm propagates outward in the form of spherical wave, which makes the sound energy rapidly disperse with the increase of distance. The horn collects the sound and turns it into a more directional beam. Like the reflector of a flashlight, it focuses the light from the bulb into a beam that shines forward, allowing the light to travel farther. Trumpets have a similar effect on sound, allowing it to travel greater distances. For example, trumpet speakers used in large outdoor gatherings can cover a range of hundreds of meters or even more.

Control sound directivity

By designing the shape and size of the horn, the direction of sound propagation can be precisely controlled. Different shapes of the horn, such as the index type cylinder, cone type cylinder, etc., will produce different directional patterns. For example, in a stage performance, the use of a specific directional horn speaker can accurately project the sound to the audience area, while minimizing the transmission to the rear of the stage or other areas where the sound is not needed, so as to improve the utilization efficiency of the sound, and avoid the sound reflection in unwanted places and affect the sound quality.

Increase the loudness of the sound

Because the horn can reduce the reflection loss of sound energy, and the sound is concentrated and propagated, it makes the sound emitted through the horn sound louder at the same input power. This is because more sound energy is used efficiently, propagating in specific directions, rather than being dispersed in all directions or lost by reflection. For example, in the public address system of a sports stadium, loudspeakers equipped with trumpets allow the broadcast content to be clearly heard throughout the stadium, and the sound has enough loudness to meet the needs of the live environment.